Diode Level 500 (dio500)

The dio500 model provides a detailed description of the diode currents in forward and reverse biased Si-diodes. It is described in the Philips Bipolar Modelbook (Dec.93) as Diode level 500. Information on how to obtain this document can be found on Source Link by searching for Philips.

In extension to the model book description a minimum conductance gmin is inserted between the diode nodes to aid convergence. The value of gmin is set by an options statement, default is gmin = 1.0e-12 S.

The imax parameter is used to aid convergence and to prevent numerical overflow. The junction characteristics of the diode are accurately modeled for currents up to imax. For currents above imax, the junction is modeled as a linear resistor, and a warning is printed.

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Sample Instance Statement

d1 (pnode 0) phdiode area=2

Sample Model Statement

model phdiode dio500 is=3.5e-12 rs=26.3 n=2.7 imax=1e20 vlc=1.8 vbr=9.63 cj=2.65e-11 dta=12.88 tau=7.5e-10 tnom=25

Instance Syntax

Name  a  k ModelName parameter=value ...

Instance Parameters

`area=1.0`	Multiplication factor.
`mult`	Alias of area factor.
`m=1.0`	Multiplicity factor.
`region=fwd`	Estimated DC operating region, which is used as a convergence aid. Possible values are `fwd`, `rev` or `brk`.
`trise= (K)`	Temperature rise from ambient

Model Syntax

model modelName dio500 parameter=value ...

Model Parameters

`is=7.13e-13 A`	Saturation current.
`n=1.044`	Junction emission coefficient.
`vlc=0.0 V`	Voltage dependence at low forward currents.
`vbr=7.459 V`	Breakdown voltage.
`emvbr=1.36e+06 V/cm`
	Electric field at breakdown.
`csrh=7.44e-07 A/cm`
	Shockley-Read-Hall generation.
`cbbt=3.255 A/V`	Band to band tunneling.
`ctat=3.31e-06 A/cm`
	Trap assisted tunneling.
`rs=0.0` Ω	Series resistance.
`tau=500.0e-12 s`	Transit time.
`cj=7.0e-12 F`	Zero-bias depletion capacitance.
`vd=0.9 V`	Diffusion voltage.
`p=0.4`	Grading coefficient.
`tref (C)`	Reference temperature. Default set by option `tnom`.
`tnom (C)`	Alias of `tref`.
`tr (C)`	Alias of `tref`.
`vg=1.206 V`	Bandgap voltage.
`ptrs=0.0`	Power for temperature dependence of `rs`.
`kf=0.0`	Flickernoise coefficient.
`af=1.0`	Flickernoise exponent.
`dta=0.0 K`	Difference between device temperature and ambient temperature.
`trise (K)`	Alias of `dta`.
`imax=1.0 A`	Explosion current.

Operating-Point Parameters

`vak (V)`	Diode voltage, measured from anode to cathode (including `rs`).
`id (A)`	Total resistive diode current.
`qd (Coul)`	Diffusion charge.
`qt (Coul)`	Depletion charge.
`rst (`Ω`)`	Series resistance (temperature updated).
`rl (`Ω`)`	AC linearized resistance.
`cl (F)`	AC linearized capacitance.
`ctotal (F)`	AC linearized capacitance.
`lx5 (F)`	AC linearized capacitance.
`pwr (W)`	Power dissipation.

Spectre Circuit Simulator Components and Device Models Reference
Product Version 23.1, June 2023