Charge formulation of the internal transistor
All depletion charges and capacitances are described with the same equations as HICUM/L2. The formulation of forward minority charge Qf is strongly based on the accurate description of the transit time 
. Like in HICUM/L2, the bias dependent of 
is modeled as
with the low current component 
, the high-current component 
and the 
as the forward transfer current. The formulation of 
is same as in HICUM/L2.
The minority charge Qf used for dynamic transistor operation is then obtained analytically by integrating 
over 
.
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